Some Aspects of Israel, Refugees and UN Bias

Israel occupies 0.1% of the landmass of the Middle East and it is the only Jewish state, not only in this region, but in the world, and surrounded by 22 Arab states.  This tiny piece of land was offered by United Nations to Jews after Holocaust has been “powder keg” since then. 

The persecution of Jews has been a major event in Jewish history, prompting shifting waves of refugees and the formation of diaspora communities. As early as 605 BCE, Jews who lived in the Neo-Babylonian Empire were persecuted and deported. Antisemitism was also practiced by the governments of many different empires (Roman empire) and the adherents of many different religions (Christianity), and it was also widespread in many different regions of the world (Middle East and Islamic).

According Wikipedia antisemitism consists of expressions of hatred or discrimination against individual Jews, and may or may not be accompanied by violence. On the most extreme end, it consists of pogroms or genocide, which may or may not be state-sponsored. Notable instances of antisemitic persecution include the Rhineland massacres in 1096; the Edict of Expulsion in 1290; the European persecution of Jews during the Black Death, between 1348 and 1351; the massacre of Spanish Jews in 1391, the crackdown of the Spanish Inquisition, and the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492; the Cossack massacres in Ukraine, between 1648 and 1657; various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire, between 1821 and 1906; the Dreyfus affair, between 1894 and 1906; the Holocaust by the Axis powers during World War II; and various Soviet anti-Jewish policies. Historically, most of the world’s violent antisemitic events have taken place in Christian Europe. However, since the early 20th century, there has been a sharp rise in antisemitic incidents across the Arab world, largely due to the surge in Arab antisemitic conspiracy theories, which have been cultivated to an extent under the aegis of European antisemitic conspiracy theories.

Shocked by the experiences of the Holocaust, the Jews were finally granted asylum in their original area of residence in Palestine with the support of the international community. After the First World War, the British administration had already assigned the Jews a homeland in the mandated territory they controlled. The purpose at the time, as also later after IIWW according to the UN decisions, was that the Jews and the Palestinians in the area would live in harmony with each other in the areas assigned to them. However, this has not happened and even now Israel is at war with Hamas.

History of Conflict in the Land of Israel Since 1948:

When the “refugee issue” is discussed within the context of the Middle East, people invariably refer to Palestinian refugees, not Jews displaced from Arab countries. However  thriving, prosperous Jewish communities existed in the Middle East and North Africa ( aka MENA region) a thousand years before the rise of Islam. These communities, which extended from Iraq in the east to Morocco in the west, enjoyed a lively fabric of life and were influential in the local economies. Prior to the creation of the State of Israel (1948), nearly one million Jews lived in the Middle East and North Africa, but by the end of the 20th century, all of these communities had faced “dislocation and dispersal” and largely vanished.

During Israel Intependence war local Arab communities faced “dislocation and dispersal” but – unlike Jews in Arab world – they did not vanished but those who remained become Israeli citizens with equal citizen rights same time when around 700,000–750,000 fled or were deported. So Arab Population of Israel has increased from 300,000 in 1948 to two million in 2024.

Jordan annexed the West Bank on 24 April 1950, after the 1949 armistice agreements. In 1951, King Abdullah I was assassinated by a Palestinian from the al-Husayni family. After the annexation, all Palestinians in the West Bank became Jordanian citizens.  In the Jordanian parliament, there were 30 seats for both the West and East banks, making roughly equal populations. Palestinians in the West Bank did not face discrimination and were given the same equal rights as the Jordanians of the East Bank.

After the Six-Day War, Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel. However, the Palestinians in the West Bank lost neither their citizenship nor their seats in the Jordanian parliament. About 300,000 Palestinians fled to Jordan. In 1970, a conflict broke out between the Jordanian Armed Forces led by King Hussein and the Palestine Liberation Organization led by Yasser Arafat. This conflict was known as Black September. Palestinians had gone on a global skyjacking spree, and there were rumours of some wanting to topple or assassinate the Jordanian King. After the war, Jordan expelled the PLO to Lebanon but kept refugees and integrated Palestinian citizens in Jordan. After Israeli independence war Jordan was the only Arab country to welcome the Palestinian Arabs from and grant them citizenship and to this day Jordan is the only Arab country where Palestinians as a group can become citizens. (Source: Wikipedia)

Israeli refugees from MENA region had no desire to be repatriated. Little is heard about them because they did not remain refugees for long. Of the 820,000 Jewish refugees between 1948 and 1972, 586,000 were resettled in Israel at great expense, and without any offer of compensation from the Arab governments who confiscated their possessions. The World Organization of Jews from Arab Countries (WOJAC) estimated in 2006, that Jewish property abandoned in Arab countries would be valued at more than $100 billion, later revising their estimate in 2007 to $300 billion. They also estimated Jewish-owned real-estate left behind in Arab lands at 100000 square kilometers (four times the size of the state of Israel).

Israel has also forcibly evacuated Gaza, evacuating the Jews. In 2005, 21 Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip were unilaterally dismantled and Israeli settlers and army evacuated from inside the Gaza Strip. The settlers who refused to accept government compensation packages and voluntarily vacate their homes prior to the August 15, 2005, deadline were evicted by Israeli security forces over a period of several days. The eviction – and dismantlement also of the four settlements in the northern West Bank – was completed ten days later. Eight thousand Jewish settlers from the 21 settlements in the Gaza Strip were relocated.

The State of Palestine has been accepted as an observer state of the United Nations General Assembly in November 2012. As of 2 June 2023, 139 of the 193 United Nations (UN) member states have recognized the State of Palestine and an equal number maintain diplomatic relations with the Palestinians. In contrast Israel is recognized by 165.

The United Nations continues to be a place where Jew-hatred thrives, and unfortunately, many democratic and free-of-the-information countries have participated in supporting anti-Semitic UN bodies and anti-Israel resolutions.

Not only Israel’s neighbours or Muslim countries are biased towards Israel, here’s an example from the other side of the globe:  New Zealand’s record of supporting anti-Israel resolutions show the claims about balance, evenhandedness, and being an “honest broker” to be false.

The persecution of Jews has continued for more than two thousand years. Their most brutal manifestation was the Holocaust. Current anti-Semitism is aimed at Israel, the homeland of the Jews created on the basis of the Holocaust – of which more than a fifth of the population is, however, non-Jews – and at Jews around the world, with means ranging from brutal terrorism to condemning statements by various international organizations to boycotts instigated by individuals and Palestinian propaganda (BDS movement) and other demonstrations. However, the end result, according to a popular Israeli saying, is Am Yisrael Chai ( ’The people of Israel live’).

#NeverAgainIsNow @ArielRusila @AriRusila @ContradictorilyAR #AmYisraelChai

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Appedix:

UN bias

Humanitarian Camp for Gazan Civilians?

To destroy Hamas’s military power in Gaza – with the job now only halfway done – a continuation of the ground offensive into southern Gaza is needed. A serious challenge in carrying out this offensive is that most of the population is now in the south, after being evacuated from northern Gaza, effectively doubling the population of the area. In order to deprive Hamas of its last means of defense against the IDF, Israel must move the population of Gaza away from future combat zones.

Gazans can basically go to three areas:

• Gazans can move through the IDF-controlled corridor to return to IDF-controlled northern Gaza. The problem is that most of the buildings and infrastructure in the area have been destroyed.

• Gazans can be placed in designated protected areas in southern Gaza, where the IDF will not operate unless attacked. The downside is that Hamas would likely exploit it to protect its fighters.

• Gazans can temporarily move to Sinai. At the moment, Egypt strongly opposes the idea.
  

Theoretically, Gazans could be received as refugees all over the world, but since no body is practically ready for that, the options are limited to Gaza and its surrounding areas.

I have previously presented the A Day after the Gaza War plan , based on the Sinai Option, to resolve the humanitarian crisis of the Gazans immediately, to rebuild the devastated Palestinian territory in the medium term, and to implement a two-state solution in the long term. So my proposal is broader than a purely humanitarian temporary protection zone, and Egypt is therefore against it, at least for the time being. Since Hamas is against the immediate release of the hostages and the laying down of arms in order to achieve an immediate ceasefire, other ways forward must be sought to achieve a quick solution to the humanitarian crisis and even life in the region after the military defeat of Hamas.

The Israeli institute BESA (The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies) has also presented a fourth option worth considering, i.e. the establishment of temporary accommodation camps for the residents of Gaza in the Negev, Israel. According to the initiative, US military and civilian agencies, with the help of a coalition of Western and regional countries, would establish accommodation and service facilities in the Negev near Gaza, possibly in the Shivta – Ktzi’ot area. These camps would serve as temporary safe havens with services for the residents of Gaza for several months and up to a year until the end of the Israeli military operation.

According to BESA, the idea can be implemented with the following principles:

• Gaza residents would be offered financial support and other incentives to temporarily leave the area.
• American soldiers, with the help of international organizations, would receive Gaza residents at border crossings and perform security checks, identity verification and documentation.
• The residents would be transported in secure convoys to large accommodation facilities established and secured with the support and funding of Western and Arab countries, led by the United States.
• Israel would participate in security oversight of the process, allowing Hamas operatives to be identified to keep them out of the civilian population moving into the area.
• The coalition managing the safe zone (Coalition for the Day After) would plan the process for their return to Gaza together with those living in the camps. The main local actors would be identified and the framework for a local civilian governance system would be established for the future administration of Gaza.
• Once the military operation in northern Gaza is completed, the return of civilians – with a clear plan and private financial support – to their residential areas can begin.

The Shivta – Ktzi’ot area has been mentioned as a possible location for the temporary camp, where there is not only a national park but also two army bases and a large prison, which during the ongoing war has been used as a detention camp for Hamas fighters.

The merit of BESA’s plan is that it can be implemented with the resolve of Israel and the United States, and likely with the support of several Arab countries and the wider international community. Furthermore, the project would separate the civilian population of Gaza from the Hamas elements, enabling faster and more efficient Israeli operational activities in the southern and central Gaza areas than the current situation, when Hamas loses its civilian shield. The project would also create conditions for the development of civil society and local government immediately after Hamas’s military structure in Gaza has been destroyed and/or the hostages have been released.

The weakness of the plan is that it is mainly limited to the solution of the humanitarian crisis, which of course is also a significant improvement on the current situation. Instead, a longer-term vision of the Two-State model is missing, as is improving the status of Palestinians in the West Bank.

Source: The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies

A Day After the Gaza War -Plan by Ariel Rusila

Hamas' unprecedentedly powerful and brutal attack on Israel has 7/10 also led to an unprecedentedly powerful Israeli counter-operation in Gaza, resulting in an unprecedented humanitarian crisis for the civilian population of Gaza. Based on this, the international community has demanded an immediate ceasefire, which is not happening, however, because Hamas has refused to release its hostages and lay down its weapons, and because Israel wants to eliminate Hamas' military power and release the hostages. According to Israel, the military operation against Hamas may take several more months, and therefore there is no quick help for the humanitarian crisis.

In order to solve the humanitarian crisis of the Gazans immediately, to rebuild the destroyed Palestinian territory in the medium term and to implement the Two-State solution in the long term, there is a pragmatic and feasible plan in which the primary winners would be the Gazans and Israel, the secondary beneficiaries would be Egypt and the Palestinians, and thirdly the USA and the broad international community.

The solution described above is based on Egypt's initiative - Sinai Option -  presented in previous years to expand the Gaza Strip to multiple times its current size, to build apartments, a community structure and a viable economy in this area for Gazans and other willing Palestinians, and in the long term to form the area into either an independent demilitarised autonomy belonging to Egypt or a Palestinian state together with the Palestinians of the West Bank.

History of the Sinai option

The Sinai option indeed is not a new option to solve Egypt-Gaza-Israel conflict. According Middle East Monitor (MEMO) report [01 September 2014] Egypt offered Palestinian Authority’s President Abbas a Palestinian state in Sinai.   Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi offered Palestinian Authority 620 square miles of land adjacent to Gaza in exchange for relinquishing claims to 1967 borders for the purpose of establishing a Palestinian state. PA President Abbas reportedly rejected proposal. Speaking in a meeting of Fatah leaders in Ramallah, Abbas said: “The plan, which was proposed in 1956, included annexing 1,600 square kilometres [620 sq mi] from the Sinai Peninsula to the Gaza Strip in order to receive Palestinian refugees.” He continued: “The plan is being proposed again, but we refused it.” 

At its core, the Egyptian initiative proposes expanding the Gaza Strip to five times its current size and settling all the Gazans and Palestinian refugees in a state to be established there. In addition, the Palestinian Authority would be granted autonomy in the Palestinian cities in the West Bank in exchange for relinquishing the Palestinian demand to return to 1967 borders. 

According Middle East Eye (MEE) the scheme became the centrepiece of the 2004 Herzliya conference, an annual meeting of Israel’s political, academic and security elites to exchange and develop policy ideas. It was then enthusiastically adopted by Uzi Arad, the conference’s founder and long-time adviser to Benjamin Netanyahu, the current prime minister. He proposed a three-way exchange, in which the Palestinians would get part of Sinai for their state, while in return Israel would receive most of the West Bank, and Egypt would be given a land passage across the Negev to connect it to Jordan. 

Phase I:  Solving the humanitarian crisis

When Gaza's already poor water and waste water supply has been partially destroyed, the energy supply is at a minimum, the roads have been largely destroyed and the remaining hospitals are operating at their limits, a humanitarian crisis has emerged in a situation where the majority of Gazans have had to move away from the fighting to safer areas.

As the war against Hamas drags on, humanitarian aid has been very difficult to both deliver and distribute to Gazans in need. The situation will not improve much by increasing transport through Rafah and Kerem Shalom, because the number of people needing help is too large, the safe areas too small, and because even under them there may be underground structures of the Gaza metro that will continue to be destroyed.

The only practical and quick solution is to build a temporary settlement for the Gazans on the border between Egypt and Gaza, in which case the Gazans who have moved to the safe areas of southern Gaza only need to move a few kilometres southwest of their current positions.

Gaza has been held hostage by Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and other terrorist organisations committed to Israel’s destruction. Israel has tightened security over Gaza in order to prevent weapons, and materials that are used to make weapons,  from entering. However Gaza has also been a safe haven for terrorists (e.g. Daesh) who have been attacking Egypt's military and civil infrastructure. The group that has claimed  the vast majority of Sinai attacks is Ansar Bayt al Maqdis (ABM): an Egyptian group founded in approximately 2011, which has reportedly less than 1,000 members. While the group’s original aim was to work against Israel, ABM now also targets the Egyptian security state and the country’s economic interests. ABM has loose links to al Qaeda franchise. In 2014, elements of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS) and proclaimed themselves Sinai Province, and a part of ISIS.

Acceptable solution for the humanitarian crisis of Gaza must allow goods and services to pass through to humanitarian zones  while  making sure Israel’s and Egypt’s legitimate security concerns are addressed. In order to prevent the spread of terrorism to the new humanitarian safe zone, the security authorities of Egypt and Israel must check all at least male persons in order to find out their possible connections with Hamas, PIJ and the like.

The international community already has a lot of experience in building such temporary refugee camps quickly, for example, after various natural disasters.  Here an example about field hospitals:

Example: The field hospital

The international aid community has many challenges, for example, in the health care of Gazans: Treating the wounded, addressing the medical and psychosocial needs of the displaced populations, meeting routine medical needs of under-served local populations, and strengthening resilience through capacity building of the disrupted local healthcare system.

In response to reports by Gazans and news media that the Earlier during 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict IDF opened a field hospital at Erez Crossing on July 20, 2014, intending it to be for sick and injured Palestinians from Gaza.

Newest example about field hospitals is from Ukraine where Israel, which in all its past humanitarian missions deployed military field hospitals, decided, for the first time, to deploy a civilian field hospital. 

Layout of IDF Field Hospital. Credit: Farfel et al, 2011

According the Journal of global health  It was probably the only state-level foreign field hospital deployed in Ukraine. This unique mission required addressing immediate challenges in the pre-deployment phase: Understanding the exact medical needs, defining essential logistic and security requirements, coordinating with the local government, and designing the field hospital accordingly. A Rapid Assessment Team was dispatched and worked in close collaboration with The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs team on the ground and with The Ukrainian health and local authorities.  

The hospital commenced operation on March 22, 2022 and was operational for six weeks. During this period 6161 patients were treated in the hospital of which 954 were children. Source: Sheba Medical Center.

The conditions treated ranged from chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and osteoarthritis, to acute and emergency conditions including, among others: infections, myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, perforated duodenal ulcers and fractures. 65 patients were hospitalised and 59 patients underwent surgery. 103 patients had consultations utilising telemedicine technologies. 995 patients had laboratory tests, and 846 patients underwent imaging studies.

IDF has experience building Type 3 field hospitals  (with 40 inpatient beds and two operating rooms capable of performing 15 to 30 surgeries per day along with other services, including rehabilitation) in less than 24 hours per hospital.  Also the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has good ability for field hospitals; e.g. for earthquake victims in Türkiye the hospital began operating four days after twin earthquakes hit southern Türkiye on Feb. 6 2023, employing 50 personnel with 15 doctors.

    

Phase II: Reconstruction of the New Greater Gaza

After previous conflicts, Gaza has been rebuilt again and again, however, with Hamas always taking part of the funds intended for reconstruction for its own use, e.g. the construction of the Gaza Metro, missile and weapon production, and the luxury life of its elite. If the same thing happens again, there will be no significant improvement in the lives of Gazans after the humanitarian crisis. A significant reason for adopting the Sinai option is that with most of Gaza's infrastructure destroyed, clearing the area would take significantly more time and money compared to the Sinai option, and despite this, the reconstructed area would not be nearly as viable compared to the larger virgin area.

The general planning of the second phase should start immediately when a political solution supporting it is on the horizon for the Siinai Option, in order to minimise the duration of the first phase. The construction of phase two would probably start with infrastructure projects - roads, municipal engineering, water, waste management, energy, telecommunication connections, harbour, airport, etc. At the same time, agricultural projects could be started outside the urban area. This would be followed by schools, hospitals and residential buildings.

There are already some separate plans for reconstruction that could be started immediately after a political solution is found. Here are some examples:

• The idea to provide the Gaza Strip with an outlet to the rest of the world through a man-made island has been floating over a decade. The new project would include  5 km. bridge from the Gaza Strip into the planned 8 sq. km. chunk of land, which likely would have a marine port and, eventually, an airport, in addition to a hotel and small port for yachts.  The project will cost some $5 billion. Serving the West Bank requires rail connection and also large railyards.

• An alternative plan for Gaza International Port could be part of the expansion plan of the Egyptian Port of El Arish, located near Gaza’s southern border with Egypt. The total cost of the shore-based port in El-Arish would probably be $300 – 500 million and would take 2 – 3 years to construct.   El Arish also has plenty of land for accommodating a Palestinian-leased, port-related industrial zone.  El Arish also could be linked via rail to the West Bank through the Israeli rail system. (More in articles  Gaza Seaport – A Threat or Change  and Gaza Port in El Arish 5).

Gaza island model as presented on June 20, 2016. (photo credit:COURTESY/THE ISRAEL PROJECT)

• Access to water is a critical enabler of economic activity across many sectors of the Palestinian economy. By channelling significant investments into infrastructure that increases water supply, including desalination facilities, wells, and distribution networks. In the water sector constructing 10 new desalination plants in New-Gaza will provide quick access to potable water. Additional funding will support the development of new wastewater treatment facilities in the New-Gaza. This treated water will be reused, creating vast supplies of affordable  water for agricultural and industrial use.

• In the energy sector it is possible to rehabilitate existing Egyptian lines connected to New-Gaza as well develop natural gas pipeline to the New-Gaza Power Plant and build new renewable energy facilities. Also the whole North Sinai will benefit from the growing offshore natural gas production in the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, support to power generation projects in the Sinai - such as 100 MWSolar Energy System - will increase the supply for new developments.

• Agriculture sector has not met its potential due to limited access of farmers to land, water, and technology. This potential can be exploited in the New-Gaza.

• New-Gaza has significant endowments of stone and marble, hydrocarbons, and other minerals. This project  will provide support for the development of major resource reserves, such as the Gaza Marine natural gas field, oil fields.

• Kilometres of coastline in New-Gaza along the Mediterranean Sea could develop into a modern metropolitan city overlooking the beach, drawing from examples like Beirut, Lisbon, Singapore, and Tel Aviv. 

Phase III: Palestine (2-State)

The total area of Sinai is 62000 square kilometer. The North Sinai Governorate covers an area 27,574 km2 (10,646 sq mi) and has population (January 2023) 504,201 with density of 18/km2. It is bordered in the north by the Mediterranean Sea, in the south by South Sinai Governorate, in the west by Port Said, Ismailia, and Suez Governorates, and in the east by the Gaza Strip in Palestine (Rafah Governorate) and Israel (Southern District). Its capital is the city of El Arish.

The Gaza Strip is 365 km2 (141 sq mi) and has a population (2022 estimate) 2,375,259 and its population density is 6,507/km2.

In addition to the sparse population, establishing a New-Gaza in Sinai has its own advantages in that the local population feels a lot of sympathy for the Gazans, even though the top management of the state has good and solid security cooperation with Israel. And after all, Egypt has had a peace treaty with Israel since 1979.

When the humanitarian crisis has been temporarily brought under control (Phase I) and when the reconstruction work of New-Gaza has progressed well in cooperation with Egypt, Israel and international aid organisations (Phase II), it is time to transfer the administration and the responsibility for the withdrawal mostly to the residents of New-Gaza, with the goal of self-governing autonomy and, in the best case, a viable Palestinian state together with the Palestinians of the West Bank.

Successful transformations from international and technocratic government into self-governance  draw from core principles - such as representative democracy, the rule of law and anti-corruption safeguards - to build critical institutions and implement policy reforms - such as renewing the education system -  are crucial elements in this vision’s strategy.  

The aim of Phase III is to encourage the Palestinian public sector to provide the services and administration necessary for the Palestinian people to have a better future. Robust civil society institutions and a free press are important parts of any well-functioning democracy. Preserving and  expanding these important institutions within the West Bank and Gaza will require new laws and practices that protect their independence and improve their capacity.

In my opinion it is clear that the road map of the 2-State model has come to a dead end. However, this does not mean that the vision itself should be abandoned as the other alternatives are worse (1-State or Zero option or Status Quo) or unrealistic in the medium term (3-State).  The best short-term solution towards the 2-state model is Constructive unilateralism where related actions can be decided by Israel immediately.

The vision of two states and the road map of constructive unilateralism to achieve it is based on the assumption that Israel should move towards the division of the land between the Palestinians and Israelis in order to maintain the future of Israel as a Jewish democratic state. Israel should consider imposing the borders of a future Palestinian state (i.e. two states for two nations). As long as Israel wants to be part of the democratic world – it must give equal rights to all human beings living in the borders of the country. Then, it is for the Palestinians to decide to create their Palestinian State, which is in their interests and they will make their own decisions.

(More in my article  Road-map to 2-State solution )

Conclusions

 

Desperately overcrowded, short on basic resources like fresh water, with its infrastructure intermittently destroyed by Israeli bombing campaigns Gaza is and has been like a giant pressure cooker waiting to explode and this happened on 7/10/2023.

Egypt is at the heart of plans to solve the problem on Israel’s and Gazans' behalf.

If Hamas as a political movement is to play any role in a Palestinian government, it must commit to the path of peace with the State of Israel  by adopting principles such as recognizing the State of Israel, committing to nonviolence. Hamas, PIJ, and all other militias and terror organisations in Gaza are disarmed; and New-Gaza is fully demilitarised.

For comprehensive peace to be achieved, it is up to the Palestinian people to make clear that they reject the ideologies of destruction, terror and conflict, and unite for a better future for all Palestinians.

The people of Gaza have suffered too long under the repressive regime of Hamas; they have been exploited as human shields and hostages.  During its rule Hamas has diverted international humanitarian aid belonging to the Palestinians of Gaza to attack Israel instead of improving the lives of the people of Gaza. 

If and when Israel destroys Hamas's military capacity and structures and all Israeli captives and remains have been, it will be possible to turn a new course in cooperation with Egypt, moderate Arab powers and the international community.

The initiative proposes expanding the Gaza Strip to five times its current size and settling all the Palestinian refugees in a state or an autonomy to be established there. Under the initiative, this state or autonomy will be demilitarised. In my opinion annexing part of Sinai to Gaza might partly solve the Arab-Israeli Conflict.

A Day After the Gaza War by Ariel Rusila -slides

  [https://arirusila.files.wordpress.com/2024/01/a-day-after-the-gaza-war-by-ariel-rusila-1.pptx ]